Task 585: .PY File Format

File Format Specifications for .PY

The .PY file format is the standard extension for Python source code files. It is a plain text format containing Python code, typically encoded in UTF-8. There is no binary structure or fixed header like in compiled formats; the content must conform to Python syntax as defined in the Python language reference. Files may optionally start with a shebang line (e.g., #!/usr/bin/env python) for executable scripts on Unix-like systems. For more details on the format and usage, see the description from GeeksforGeeks. The official Python documentation also covers related file handling but does not specify a binary format since it's text-based.

1. List of all the properties of this file format intrinsic to its file system:

Since .PY is a text-based format without inherent binary properties, the "properties intrinsic to its file system" refer to the standard file system metadata associated with any file, including .PY files. These are not unique to the format but are common attributes managed by the operating system. The list includes:

• File size (in bytes)
• Creation time (or change time on some systems, e.g., st_ctime on Unix)
• Last modification time
• Last access time
• Permissions (mode, e.g., read/write/execute bits)
• Owner user ID (UID)
• Owner group ID (GID)
• Inode number (on Unix-like systems)
• Device ID
• Number of hard links

Note: Some properties (e.g., inode, UID/GID) are specific to certain file systems like ext4 on Linux and may not be available or equivalent on Windows (e.g., NTFS uses different identifiers).

1. Two direct download links for files of format .PY:

• https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BuvinJT/distbuilder/master/examples/hello_world/hello.py (a simple "Hello World" Python script)
• https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/master/dynamic_programming/fibonacci.py (a Python implementation of the Fibonacci sequence using dynamic programming)

1. Ghost blog embedded HTML JavaScript for drag-and-drop .PY file dump:

Here's the embeddable HTML code with JavaScript that can be inserted into a Ghost blog post (or any HTML-enabled blog). It creates a drop zone where users can drag and drop a .PY file. Upon drop, it checks the file extension and dumps the available browser-accessible properties to the screen (note: browsers limit access to full file system metadata for security; only basic File object properties are available). The code uses the HTML5 Drag and Drop API and File API.

1. Python class for .PY files:

import os
import time
import stat  # For mode interpretation if needed

class PyFileHandler:
    def __init__(self, filepath):
        self.filepath = filepath
        self.content = None

    def open_and_decode(self, encoding='utf-8'):
        """Opens and decodes the .PY file as text."""
        with open(self.filepath, 'r', encoding=encoding) as f:
            self.content = f.read()

    def read_content(self):
        """Returns the decoded content."""
        if self.content is None:
            self.open_and_decode()
        return self.content

    def write_content(self, new_content, encoding='utf-8'):
        """Writes new content to the file."""
        with open(self.filepath, 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
            f.write(new_content)
        print(f"Content written to {self.filepath}")

    def print_properties(self):
        """Prints all file system properties."""
        st = os.stat(self.filepath)
        print(f"File Size: {st.st_size} bytes")
        print(f"Creation/Change Time: {time.ctime(st.st_ctime)}")
        print(f"Last Modification Time: {time.ctime(st.st_mtime)}")
        print(f"Last Access Time: {time.ctime(st.st_atime)}")
        print(f"Permissions: {oct(st.st_mode)} (e.g., {stat.filemode(st.st_mode)})")
        print(f"Owner UID: {st.st_uid}")
        print(f"Owner GID: {st.st_gid}")
        print(f"Inode Number: {st.st_ino}")
        print(f"Device ID: {st.st_dev}")
        print(f"Number of Hard Links: {st.st_nlink}")

# Example usage:
# handler = PyFileHandler('example.py')
# handler.open_and_decode()
# print(handler.read_content())
# handler.print_properties()
# handler.write_content('print("Hello")')

1. Java class for .PY files:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;
import java.time.Instant;

public class PyFileHandler {
    private final Path filepath;
    private String content;

    public PyFileHandler(String filepath) {
        this.filepath = Paths.get(filepath);
    }

    public void openAndDecode() throws IOException {
        content = Files.readString(filepath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    public String readContent() throws IOException {
        if (content == null) {
            openAndDecode();
        }
        return content;
    }

    public void writeContent(String newContent) throws IOException {
        try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(filepath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
            writer.write(newContent);
        }
        System.out.println("Content written to " + filepath);
    }

    public void printProperties() throws IOException {
        BasicFileAttributes attrs = Files.readAttributes(filepath, BasicFileAttributes.class);
        System.out.println("File Size: " + attrs.size() + " bytes");
        System.out.println("Creation Time: " + Instant.ofEpochMilli(attrs.creationTime().toMillis()));
        System.out.println("Last Modification Time: " + Instant.ofEpochMilli(attrs.lastModifiedTime().toMillis()));
        System.out.println("Last Access Time: " + Instant.ofEpochMilli(attrs.lastAccessTime().toMillis()));

        if (Files.getFileStore(filepath).supportsFileAttributeView("posix")) {
            PosixFileAttributes posixAttrs = Files.readAttributes(filepath, PosixFileAttributes.class);
            System.out.println("Permissions: " + PosixFilePermissions.toString(posixAttrs.permissions()));
            System.out.println("Owner UID: " + posixAttrs.owner().getName());  // Name instead of UID
            System.out.println("Owner GID: " + posixAttrs.group().getName());  // Name instead of GID
        } else {
            System.out.println("POSIX attributes (UID/GID/Permissions) not supported on this file system.");
        }
        // Inode, Device ID, Hard Links not directly available in standard Java API; require OS-specific extensions
        System.out.println("Inode Number: Not available in standard Java");
        System.out.println("Device ID: Not available in standard Java");
        System.out.println("Number of Hard Links: Not available in standard Java");
    }

    // Example usage:
    // public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    //     PyFileHandler handler = new PyFileHandler("example.py");
    //     handler.openAndDecode();
    //     System.out.println(handler.readContent());
    //     handler.printProperties();
    //     handler.writeContent("System.out.println(\"Hello\");");  // Wait, that's Java! Change to Python code.
    // }
}

Note: Java's standard API provides basic attributes; for full POSIX (inode, etc.), use additional libraries like jnr-posix or OS-specific code.

1. JavaScript class for .PY files (Node.js environment):

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const util = require('util');

const statPromise = util.promisify(fs.stat);
const readFilePromise = util.promisify(fs.readFile);
const writeFilePromise = util.promisify(fs.writeFile);

class PyFileHandler {
  constructor(filepath) {
    this.filepath = filepath;
    this.content = null;
  }

  async openAndDecode(encoding = 'utf8') {
    this.content = await readFilePromise(this.filepath, encoding);
  }

  async readContent() {
    if (this.content === null) {
      await this.openAndDecode();
    }
    return this.content;
  }

  async writeContent(newContent, encoding = 'utf8') {
    await writeFilePromise(this.filepath, newContent, encoding);
    console.log(`Content written to ${this.filepath}`);
  }

  async printProperties() {
    const st = await statPromise(this.filepath);
    console.log(`File Size: ${st.size} bytes`);
    console.log(`Creation Time: ${new Date(st.birthtime).toString()}`);
    console.log(`Last Modification Time: ${new Date(st.mtime).toString()}`);
    console.log(`Last Access Time: ${new Date(st.atime).toString()}`);
    console.log(`Permissions: ${st.mode.toString(8)}`);
    console.log(`Owner UID: ${st.uid}`);
    console.log(`Owner GID: ${st.gid}`);
    console.log(`Inode Number: ${st.ino}`);
    console.log(`Device ID: ${st.dev}`);
    console.log(`Number of Hard Links: ${st.nlink}`);
  }
}

// Example usage:
// (async () => {
//   const handler = new PyFileHandler('example.py');
//   await handler.openAndDecode();
//   console.log(await handler.readContent());
//   await handler.printProperties();
//   await handler.writeContent('print("Hello")');
// })();

1. C class (struct-based, using standard library; compile with e.g., gcc):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

typedef struct {
    char *filepath;
    char *content;
} PyFileHandler;

PyFileHandler* create_pyfilehandler(const char *filepath) {
    PyFileHandler *handler = malloc(sizeof(PyFileHandler));
    handler->filepath = strdup(filepath);
    handler->content = NULL;
    return handler;
}

void destroy_pyfilehandler(PyFileHandler *handler) {
    if (handler->content) free(handler->content);
    free(handler->filepath);
    free(handler);
}

int open_and_decode(PyFileHandler *handler) {
    FILE *f = fopen(handler->filepath, "r");
    if (!f) return -1;

    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
    long size = ftell(f);
    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);

    handler->content = malloc(size + 1);
    fread(handler->content, 1, size, f);
    handler->content[size] = '\0';
    fclose(f);
    return 0;
}

char* read_content(PyFileHandler *handler) {
    if (!handler->content) open_and_decode(handler);
    return handler->content;
}

int write_content(PyFileHandler *handler, const char *new_content) {
    FILE *f = fopen(handler->filepath, "w");
    if (!f) return -1;
    fprintf(f, "%s", new_content);
    fclose(f);
    printf("Content written to %s\n", handler->filepath);
    return 0;
}

void print_properties(PyFileHandler *handler) {
    struct stat st;
    if (stat(handler->filepath, &st) != 0) {
        perror("stat failed");
        return;
    }
    printf("File Size: %ld bytes\n", st.st_size);
    printf("Creation/Change Time: %s", ctime(&st.st_ctime));
    printf("Last Modification Time: %s", ctime(&st.st_mtime));
    printf("Last Access Time: %s", ctime(&st.st_atime));
    printf("Permissions: %o\n", st.st_mode);
    printf("Owner UID: %d\n", st.st_uid);
    printf("Owner GID: %d\n", st.st_gid);
    printf("Inode Number: %ld\n", st.st_ino);
    printf("Device ID: %ld\n", st.st_dev);
    printf("Number of Hard Links: %ld\n", st.st_nlink);
}

// Example usage:
// int main() {
//     PyFileHandler *handler = create_pyfilehandler("example.py");
//     open_and_decode(handler);
//     printf("%s\n", read_content(handler));
//     print_properties(handler);
//     write_content(handler, "print(\"Hello\")\n");
//     destroy_pyfilehandler(handler);
//     return 0;
// }

Note: This C implementation assumes a Unix-like system for full properties; on Windows, use _stat or equivalent, and some fields may differ.