Task 058: .BDF File Format

The .BDF file format refers to multiple distinct formats, but based on the context and available information, it’s most likely the Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) by Adobe, used for storing bitmap fonts, particularly in Unix X Window environments. This is a text-based, human-readable format for bitmap font representation, as opposed to other .BDF formats like the BioSemi Data Format (used for EEG data) or bulk data input for structural analysis. Since the task emphasizes programming and file manipulation, and given the prominence of the Adobe BDF format in font-related programming, I’ll assume this is the intended format. If you meant a different .BDF format, please clarify, and I can adjust the response.

Below, I address each part of the task, focusing on the Adobe Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) as per its specification (Version 2.2, Adobe, 1993).

1. Properties of the .BDF File Format (Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format)

The BDF file format is a text-based, ASCII-encoded format for bitmap fonts, designed to be human- and computer-readable. Its structure and properties are defined as follows:

• File Extension: .bdf
• Content Type: ASCII text, human-readable
• Structure: Comprises three main sections:
• Global Section: Contains metadata applicable to the entire font.
• Glyph Section: Individual entries for each glyph, including bitmap data.
• ENDFONT Statement: Marks the end of the file.
• Global Declarations:
• STARTFONT <version>: Specifies the BDF version (e.g., 2.1 or 2.2).
• FONT <font_name>: Font name, typically in X Logical Font Description (XLFD) format.
• SIZE <point_size> <x_resolution> <y_resolution>: Font size and resolution (in DPI).
• FONTBOUNDINGBOX <width> <height> <x_offset> <y_offset>: Bounding box for all glyphs.
• STARTPROPERTIES <n>: Begins a section for font properties (e.g., FONT_ASCENT, FONT_DESCENT).
• ENDPROPERTIES: Ends the properties section.
• CHARS <n>: Specifies the number of glyphs in the font.
• Glyph Declarations (per glyph):
• STARTCHAR <char_name>: Name or identifier of the glyph (e.g., U+0041 for 'A').
• ENCODING <value>: Character encoding (e.g., 65 for ASCII 'A').
• SWIDTH <x> <y>: Scalable width in x and y directions.
• DWIDTH <x> <y>: Device width in x and y directions.
• BBX <width> <height> <x_offset> <y_offset>: Glyph bounding box.
• BITMAP: Introduces the bitmap data.
• Bitmap Data: Hexadecimal representation of the glyph’s bitmap, one row per line.
• ENDCHAR: Ends the glyph definition.
• Encoding: ASCII, with bitmap data in hexadecimal.
• Version Support:
• Version 2.1: Standard for X Window System fonts.
• Version 2.2: Adds support for non-Western writing systems (e.g., top-to-bottom rendering).
• Usage: Primarily used in Unix X Window environments, though largely replaced by PCF, OpenType, and TrueType fonts.
• File Characteristics:
• Text-based, not binary.
• Each line contains a single command or data element, with fields separated by spaces.
• No compression.
• Represents a font for a single size and orientation.

These properties are intrinsic to the BDF file format’s structure and content, as defined in the Adobe BDF Specification.

2. Python Class for BDF File Handling

The following Python class can read, decode, write, and print the properties of a BDF file. It assumes the file adheres to the BDF 2.1/2.2 specification.

class BDFHandler:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.properties = {}
        self.glyphs = []

    def read_bdf(self):
        """Read and decode a BDF file, storing its properties and glyphs."""
        with open(self.filename, 'r') as file:
            lines = file.readlines()
        
        current_glyph = None
        bitmap_data = []
        in_bitmap = False
        in_properties = False

        for line in lines:
            line = line.strip()
            if not line:
                continue

            parts = line.split()
            keyword = parts[0]

            if keyword == "STARTFONT":
                self.properties["version"] = parts[1]
            elif keyword == "FONT":
                self.properties["font_name"] = " ".join(parts[1:])
            elif keyword == "SIZE":
                self.properties["size"] = {
                    "point_size": int(parts[1]),
                    "x_resolution": int(parts[2]),
                    "y_resolution": int(parts[3])
                }
            elif keyword == "FONTBOUNDINGBOX":
                self.properties["font_bounding_box"] = {
                    "width": int(parts[1]),
                    "height": int(parts[2]),
                    "x_offset": int(parts[3]),
                    "y_offset": int(parts[4])
                }
            elif keyword == "STARTPROPERTIES":
                in_properties = True
                self.properties["font_properties"] = {}
            elif keyword == "ENDPROPERTIES":
                in_properties = False
            elif in_properties:
                self.properties["font_properties"][parts[0]] = " ".join(parts[1:])
            elif keyword == "CHARS":
                self.properties["num_glyphs"] = int(parts[1])
            elif keyword == "STARTCHAR":
                current_glyph = {"name": " ".join(parts[1:])}
            elif keyword == "ENCODING":
                current_glyph["encoding"] = int(parts[1])
            elif keyword == "SWIDTH":
                current_glyph["swidth"] = {"x": int(parts[1]), "y": int(parts[2])}
            elif keyword == "DWIDTH":
                current_glyph["dwidth"] = {"x": int(parts[1]), "y": int(parts[2])}
            elif keyword == "BBX":
                current_glyph["bbx"] = {
                    "width": int(parts[1]),
                    "height": int(parts[2]),
                    "x_offset": int(parts[3]),
                    "y_offset": int(parts[4])
                }
            elif keyword == "BITMAP":
                in_bitmap = True
                bitmap_data = []
            elif keyword == "ENDCHAR":
                current_glyph["bitmap"] = bitmap_data[:]
                self.glyphs.append(current_glyph)
                current_glyph = None
                in_bitmap = False
            elif in_bitmap:
                bitmap_data.append(parts[0])
            elif keyword == "ENDFONT":
                break

    def print_properties(self):
        """Print all BDF properties to the console."""
        print("BDF File Properties:")
        print(f"  Version: {self.properties.get('version', 'N/A')}")
        print(f"  Font Name: {self.properties.get('font_name', 'N/A')}")
        print(f"  Size: {self.properties.get('size', 'N/A')}")
        print(f"  Font Bounding Box: {self.properties.get('font_bounding_box', 'N/A')}")
        print(f"  Font Properties: {self.properties.get('font_properties', 'N/A')}")
        print(f"  Number of Glyphs: {self.properties.get('num_glyphs', 'N/A')}")
        print("\nGlyphs:")
        for glyph in self.glyphs:
            print(f"  Glyph Name: {glyph.get('name', 'N/A')}")
            print(f"    Encoding: {glyph.get('encoding', 'N/A')}")
            print(f"    SWIDTH: {glyph.get('swidth', 'N/A')}")
            print(f"    DWIDTH: {glyph.get('dwidth', 'N/A')}")
            print(f"    BBX: {glyph.get('bbx', 'N/A')}")
            print(f"    Bitmap: {glyph.get('bitmap', 'N/A')}")

    def write_bdf(self, output_filename):
        """Write the BDF properties and glyphs to a new file."""
        with open(output_filename, 'w') as file:
            file.write(f"STARTFONT {self.properties.get('version', '2.1')}\n")
            file.write(f"FONT {self.properties.get('font_name', 'Unknown')}\n")
            size = self.properties.get('size', {'point_size': 16, 'x_resolution': 75, 'y_resolution': 75})
            file.write(f"SIZE {size['point_size']} {size['x_resolution']} {size['y_resolution']}\n")
            bbox = self.properties.get('font_bounding_box', {'width': 16, 'height': 16, 'x_offset': 0, 'y_offset': -2})
            file.write(f"FONTBOUNDINGBOX {bbox['width']} {bbox['height']} {bbox['x_offset']} {bbox['y_offset']}\n")
            props = self.properties.get('font_properties', {})
            file.write(f"STARTPROPERTIES {len(props)}\n")
            for key, value in props.items():
                file.write(f"{key} {value}\n")
            file.write("ENDPROPERTIES\n")
            file.write(f"CHARS {self.properties.get('num_glyphs', len(self.glyphs))}\n")
            for glyph in self.glyphs:
                file.write(f"STARTCHAR {glyph.get('name', 'Unknown')}\n")
                file.write(f"ENCODING {glyph.get('encoding', 0)}\n")
                swidth = glyph.get('swidth', {'x': 0, 'y': 0})
                file.write(f"SWIDTH {swidth['x']} {swidth['y']}\n")
                dwidth = glyph.get('dwidth', {'x': 0, 'y': 0})
                file.write(f"DWIDTH {dwidth['x']} {dwidth['y']}\n")
                bbx = glyph.get('bbx', {'width': 0, 'height': 0, 'x_offset': 0, 'y_offset': 0})
                file.write(f"BBX {bbx['width']} {bbx['height']} {bbx['x_offset']} {bbx['y_offset']}\n")
                file.write("BITMAP\n")
                for row in glyph.get('bitmap', []):
                    file.write(f"{row}\n")
                file.write("ENDCHAR\n")
            file.write("ENDFONT\n")

# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    bdf = BDFHandler("input.bdf")
    bdf.read_bdf()
    bdf.print_properties()
    bdf.write_bdf("output.bdf")

This Python class reads a BDF file, parses its global and glyph properties, stores them in memory, prints them to the console, and can write them to a new file. It handles the text-based nature of BDF files by parsing line-by-line and storing data in dictionaries for easy access.

3. Java Class for BDF File Handling

The following Java class performs similar operations for BDF files.

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class BDFHandler {
    private String filename;
    private Map<String, Object> properties;
    private List<Map<String, Object>> glyphs;

    public BDFHandler(String filename) {
        this.filename = filename;
        this.properties = new HashMap<>();
        this.glyphs = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public void readBDF() throws IOException {
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename))) {
            String line;
            Map<String, Object> currentGlyph = null;
            List<String> bitmapData = new ArrayList<>();
            boolean inBitmap = false;
            boolean inProperties = false;

            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                line = line.trim();
                if (line.isEmpty()) continue;

                String[] parts = line.split("\\s+");
                String keyword = parts[0];

                if (keyword.equals("STARTFONT")) {
                    properties.put("version", parts[1]);
                } else if (keyword.equals("FONT")) {
                    properties.put("font_name", String.join(" ", Arrays.copyOfRange(parts, 1, parts.length)));
                } else if (keyword.equals("SIZE")) {
                    properties.put("size", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                        put("point_size", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                        put("x_resolution", Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
                        put("y_resolution", Integer.parseInt(parts[3]));
                    }});
                } else if (keyword.equals("FONTBOUNDINGBOX")) {
                    properties.put("font_bounding_box", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                        put("width", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                        put("height", Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
                        put("x_offset", Integer.parseInt(parts[3]));
                        put("y_offset", Integer.parseInt(parts[4]));
                    }});
                } else if (keyword.equals("STARTPROPERTIES")) {
                    inProperties = true;
                    properties.put("font_properties", new HashMap<String, String>());
                } else if (keyword.equals("ENDPROPERTIES")) {
                    inProperties = false;
                } else if (inProperties) {
                    ((Map<String, String>) properties.get("font_properties")).put(parts[0], String.join(" ", Arrays.copyOfRange(parts, 1, parts.length)));
                } else if (keyword.equals("CHARS")) {
                    properties.put("num_glyphs", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                } else if (keyword.equals("STARTCHAR")) {
                    currentGlyph = new HashMap<>();
                    currentGlyph.put("name", String.join(" ", Arrays.copyOfRange(parts, 1, parts.length)));
                } else if (keyword.equals("ENCODING")) {
                    currentGlyph.put("encoding", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                } else if (keyword.equals("SWIDTH")) {
                    currentGlyph.put("swidth", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                        put("x", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                        put("y", Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
                    }});
                } else if (keyword.equals("DWIDTH")) {
                    currentGlyph.put("dwidth", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                        put("x", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                        put("y", Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
                    }});
                } else if (keyword.equals("BBX")) {
                    currentGlyph.put("bbx", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                        put("width", Integer.parseInt(parts[1]));
                        put("height", Integer.parseInt(parts[2]));
                        put("x_offset", Integer.parseInt(parts[3]));
                        put("y_offset", Integer.parseInt(parts[4]));
                    }});
                } else if (keyword.equals("BITMAP")) {
                    inBitmap = true;
                    bitmapData = new ArrayList<>();
                } else if (keyword.equals("ENDCHAR")) {
                    currentGlyph.put("bitmap", new ArrayList<>(bitmapData));
                    glyphs.add(currentGlyph);
                    currentGlyph = null;
                    inBitmap = false;
                } else if (inBitmap) {
                    bitmapData.add(parts[0]);
                } else if (keyword.equals("ENDFONT")) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void printProperties() {
        System.out.println("BDF File Properties:");
        System.out.println("  Version: " + properties.getOrDefault("version", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("  Font Name: " + properties.getOrDefault("font_name", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("  Size: " + properties.getOrDefault("size", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("  Font Bounding Box: " + properties.getOrDefault("font_bounding_box", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("  Font Properties: " + properties.getOrDefault("font_properties", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("  Number of Glyphs: " + properties.getOrDefault("num_glyphs", "N/A"));
        System.out.println("\nGlyphs:");
        for (Map<String, Object> glyph : glyphs) {
            System.out.println("  Glyph Name: " + glyph.getOrDefault("name", "N/A"));
            System.out.println("    Encoding: " + glyph.getOrDefault("encoding", "N/A"));
            System.out.println("    SWIDTH: " + glyph.getOrDefault("swidth", "N/A"));
            System.out.println("    DWIDTH: " + glyph.getOrDefault("dwidth", "N/A"));
            System.out.println("    BBX: " + glyph.getOrDefault("bbx", "N/A"));
            System.out.println("    Bitmap: " + glyph.getOrDefault("bitmap", "N/A"));
        }
    }

    public void writeBDF(String outputFilename) throws IOException {
        try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(outputFilename))) {
            writer.write("STARTFONT " + properties.getOrDefault("version", "2.1") + "\n");
            writer.write("FONT " + properties.getOrDefault("font_name", "Unknown") + "\n");
            Map<String, Integer> size = (Map<String, Integer>) properties.getOrDefault("size", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                put("point_size", 16); put("x_resolution", 75); put("y_resolution", 75);
            }});
            writer.write("SIZE " + size.get("point_size") + " " + size.get("x_resolution") + " " + size.get("y_resolution") + "\n");
            Map<String, Integer> bbox = (Map<String, Integer>) properties.getOrDefault("font_bounding_box", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                put("width", 16); put("height", 16); put("x_offset", 0); put("y_offset", -2);
            }});
            writer.write("FONTBOUNDINGBOX " + bbox.get("width") + " " + bbox.get("height") + " " + bbox.get("x_offset") + " " + bbox.get("y_offset") + "\n");
            Map<String, String> props = (Map<String, String>) properties.getOrDefault("font_properties", new HashMap<>());
            writer.write("STARTPROPERTIES " + props.size() + "\n");
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : props.entrySet()) {
                writer.write(entry.getKey() + " " + entry.getValue() + "\n");
            }
            writer.write("ENDPROPERTIES\n");
            writer.write("CHARS " + properties.getOrDefault("num_glyphs", glyphs.size()) + "\n");
            for (Map<String, Object> glyph : glyphs) {
                writer.write("STARTCHAR " + glyph.getOrDefault("name", "Unknown") + "\n");
                writer.write("ENCODING " + glyph.getOrDefault("encoding", 0) + "\n");
                Map<String, Integer> swidth = (Map<String, Integer>) glyph.getOrDefault("swidth", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                    put("x", 0); put("y", 0);
                }});
                writer.write("SWIDTH " + swidth.get("x") + " " + swidth.get("y") + "\n");
                Map<String, Integer> dwidth = (Map<String, Integer>) glyph.getOrDefault("dwidth", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                    put("x", 0); put("y", 0);
                }});
                writer.write("DWIDTH " + dwidth.get("x") + " " + dwidth.get("y") + "\n");
                Map<String, Integer> bbx = (Map<String, Integer>) glyph.getOrDefault("bbx", new HashMap<String, Integer>() {{
                    put("width", 0); put("height", 0); put("x_offset", 0); put("y_offset", 0);
                }});
                writer.write("BBX " + bbx.get("width") + " " + bbx.get("height") + " " + bbx.get("x_offset") + " " + bbx.get("y_offset") + "\n");
                writer.write("BITMAP\n");
                List<String> bitmap = (List<String>) glyph.getOrDefault("bitmap", new ArrayList<>());
                for (String row : bitmap) {
                    writer.write(row + "\n");
                }
                writer.write("ENDCHAR\n");
            }
            writer.write("ENDFONT\n");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            BDFHandler bdf = new BDFHandler("input.bdf");
            bdf.readBDF();
            bdf.printProperties();
            bdf.writeBDF("output.bdf");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

This Java class mirrors the Python implementation, using Java’s file I/O and collections to parse, store, print, and write BDF file data.

4. JavaScript Class for BDF File Handling

The following JavaScript class is designed for Node.js, as browser-based JavaScript has limited file system access. It uses the fs module to handle file operations.

const fs = require('fs');

class BDFHandler {
    constructor(filename) {
        this.filename = filename;
        this.properties = {};
        this.glyphs = [];
    }

    readBDF() {
        const data = fs.readFileSync(this.filename, 'utf8');
        const lines = data.split('\n');
        let currentGlyph = null;
        let bitmapData = [];
        let inBitmap = false;
        let inProperties = false;

        for (let line of lines) {
            line = line.trim();
            if (!line) continue;

            const parts = line.split(/\s+/);
            const keyword = parts[0];

            if (keyword === 'STARTFONT') {
                this.properties.version = parts[1];
            } else if (keyword === 'FONT') {
                this.properties.font_name = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
            } else if (keyword === 'SIZE') {
                this.properties.size = {
                    point_size: parseInt(parts[1]),
                    x_resolution: parseInt(parts[2]),
                    y_resolution: parseInt(parts[3])
                };
            } else if (keyword === 'FONTBOUNDINGBOX') {
                this.properties.font_bounding_box = {
                    width: parseInt(parts[1]),
                    height: parseInt(parts[2]),
                    x_offset: parseInt(parts[3]),
                    y_offset: parseInt(parts[4])
                };
            } else if (keyword === 'STARTPROPERTIES') {
                inProperties = true;
                this.properties.font_properties = {};
            } else if (keyword === 'ENDPROPERTIES') {
                inProperties = false;
            } else if (inProperties) {
                this.properties.font_properties[parts[0]] = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
            } else if (keyword === 'CHARS') {
                this.properties.num_glyphs = parseInt(parts[1]);
            } else if (keyword === 'STARTCHAR') {
                currentGlyph = { name: parts.slice(1).join(' ') };
            } else if (keyword === 'ENCODING') {
                currentGlyph.encoding = parseInt(parts[1]);
            } else if (keyword === 'SWIDTH') {
                currentGlyph.swidth = { x: parseInt(parts[1]), y: parseInt(parts[2]) };
            } else if (keyword === 'DWIDTH') {
                currentGlyph.dwidth = { x: parseInt(parts[1]), y: parseInt(parts[2]) };
            } else if (keyword === 'BBX') {
                currentGlyph.bbx = {
                    width: parseInt(parts[1]),
                    height: parseInt(parts[2]),
                    x_offset: parseInt(parts[3]),
                    y_offset: parseInt(parts[4])
                };
            } else if (keyword === 'BITMAP') {
                inBitmap = true;
                bitmapData = [];
            } else if (keyword === 'ENDCHAR') {
                currentGlyph.bitmap = bitmapData.slice();
                this.glyphs.push(currentGlyph);
                currentGlyph = null;
                inBitmap = false;
            } else if (inBitmap) {
                bitmapData.push(parts[0]);
            } else if (keyword === 'ENDFONT') {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    printProperties() {
        console.log('BDF File Properties:');
        console.log(`  Version: ${this.properties.version || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log(`  Font Name: ${this.properties.font_name || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log(`  Size: ${JSON.stringify(this.properties.size) || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log(`  Font Bounding Box: ${JSON.stringify(this.properties.font_bounding_box) || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log(`  Font Properties: ${JSON.stringify(this.properties.font_properties) || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log(`  Number of Glyphs: ${this.properties.num_glyphs || 'N/A'}`);
        console.log('\nGlyphs:');
        for (const glyph of this.glyphs) {
            console.log(`  Glyph Name: ${glyph.name || 'N/A'}`);
            console.log(`    Encoding: ${glyph.encoding || 'N/A'}`);
            console.log(`    SWIDTH: ${JSON.stringify(glyph.swidth) || 'N/A'}`);
            console.log(`    DWIDTH: ${JSON.stringify(glyph.dwidth) || 'N/A'}`);
            console.log(`    BBX: ${JSON.stringify(glyph.bbx) || 'N/A'}`);
            console.log(`    Bitmap: ${JSON.stringify(glyph.bitmap) || 'N/A'}`);
        }
    }

    writeBDF(outputFilename) {
        const lines = [];
        lines.push(`STARTFONT ${this.properties.version || '2.1'}`);
        lines.push(`FONT ${this.properties.font_name || 'Unknown'}`);
        const size = this.properties.size || { point_size: 16, x_resolution: 75, y_resolution: 75 };
        lines.push(`SIZE ${size.point_size} ${size.x_resolution} ${size.y_resolution}`);
        const bbox = this.properties.font_bounding_box || { width: 16, height: 16, x_offset: 0, y_offset: -2 };
        lines.push(`FONTBOUNDINGBOX ${bbox.width} ${bbox.height} ${bbox.x_offset} ${bbox.y_offset}`);
        const props = this.properties.font_properties || {};
        lines.push(`STARTPROPERTIES ${Object.keys(props).length}`);
        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {
            lines.push(`${key} ${value}`);
        }
        lines.push('ENDPROPERTIES');
        lines.push(`CHARS ${this.properties.num_glyphs || this.glyphs.length}`);
        for (const glyph of this.glyphs) {
            lines.push(`STARTCHAR ${glyph.name || 'Unknown'}`);
            lines.push(`ENCODING ${glyph.encoding || 0}`);
            const swidth = glyph.swidth || { x: 0, y: 0 };
            lines.push(`SWIDTH ${swidth.x} ${swidth.y}`);
            const dwidth = glyph.dwidth || { x: 0, y: 0 };
            lines.push(`DWIDTH ${dwidth.x} ${dwidth.y}`);
            const bbx = glyph.bbx || { width: 0, height: 0, x_offset: 0, y_offset: 0 };
            lines.push(`BBX ${bbx.width} ${bbx.height} ${bbx.x_offset} ${bbx.y_offset}`);
            lines.push('BITMAP');
            for (const row of glyph.bitmap || []) {
                lines.push(row);
            }
            lines.push('ENDCHAR');
        }
        lines.push('ENDFONT');
        fs.writeFileSync(outputFilename, lines.join('\n') + '\n');
    }
}

// Example usage
const bdf = new BDFHandler('input.bdf');
bdf.readBDF();
bdf.printProperties();
bdf.writeBDF('output.bdf');

This JavaScript class uses Node.js’s fs module to read and write BDF files, parsing and storing properties similarly to the previous implementations.

5. C Class for BDF File Handling

C does not have a built-in concept of classes, so I’ll implement a struct-based approach with functions to mimic class behavior. This implementation uses standard C file I/O.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_LINE 256
#define MAX_GLYPHS 1000
#define MAX_BITMAP_ROWS 100
#define MAX_PROPERTIES 50

typedef struct {
    int x, y;
} Point;

typedef struct {
    int width, height, x_offset, y_offset;
} BoundingBox;

typedef struct {
    char* name;
    int encoding;
    Point swidth;
    Point dwidth;
    BoundingBox bbx;
    char** bitmap;
    int bitmap_rows;
} Glyph;

typedef struct {
    char* filename;
    char* version;
    char* font_name;
    struct {
        int point_size, x_resolution, y_resolution;
    } size;
    BoundingBox font_bounding_box;
    struct {
        char* key;
        char* value;
    } font_properties[MAX_PROPERTIES];
    int num_font_properties;
    int num_glyphs;
    Glyph glyphs[MAX_GLYPHS];
    int glyph_count;
} BDFHandler;

BDFHandler* create_bdf_handler(const char* filename) {
    BDFHandler* handler = (BDFHandler*)malloc(sizeof(BDFHandler));
    handler->filename = strdup(filename);
    handler->version = NULL;
    handler->font_name = NULL;
    handler->size.point_size = 0;
    handler->size.x_resolution = 0;
    handler->size.y_resolution = 0;
    handler->font_bounding_box.width = 0;
    handler->font_bounding_box.height = 0;
    handler->font_bounding_box.x_offset = 0;
    handler->font_bounding_box.y_offset = 0;
    handler->num_font_properties = 0;
    handler->num_glyphs = 0;
    handler->glyph_count = 0;
    return handler;
}

void free_bdf_handler(BDFHandler* handler) {
    if (handler->version) free(handler->version);
    if (handler->font_name) free(handler->font_name);
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->num_font_properties; i++) {
        free(handler->font_properties[i].key);
        free(handler->font_properties[i].value);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->glyph_count; i++) {
        free(handler->glyphs[i].name);
        for (int j = 0; j < handler->glyphs[i].bitmap_rows; j++) {
            free(handler->glyphs[i].bitmap[j]);
        }
        free(handler->glyphs[i].bitmap);
    }
    free(handler->filename);
    free(handler);
}

void read_bdf(BDFHandler* handler) {
    FILE* file = fopen(handler->filename, "r");
    if (!file) {
        printf("Error opening file %s\n", handler->filename);
        return;
    }

    char line[MAX_LINE];
    Glyph* current_glyph = NULL;
    char** bitmap_data = NULL;
    int bitmap_rows = 0;
    int in_bitmap = 0;
    int in_properties = 0;

    while (fgets(line, MAX_LINE, file)) {
        line[strcspn(line, "\n")] = 0;
        if (!line[0]) continue;

        char* keyword = strtok(line, " ");
        char* rest = strtok(NULL, "");

        if (strcmp(keyword, "STARTFONT") == 0) {
            handler->version = strdup(rest);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "FONT") == 0) {
            handler->font_name = strdup(rest);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "SIZE") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d %d %d", &handler->size.point_size, &handler->size.x_resolution, &handler->size.y_resolution);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "FONTBOUNDINGBOX") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d %d %d %d", &handler->font_bounding_box.width, &handler->font_bounding_box.height,
                   &handler->font_bounding_box.x_offset, &handler->font_bounding_box.y_offset);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "STARTPROPERTIES") == 0) {
            in_properties = 1;
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "ENDPROPERTIES") == 0) {
            in_properties = 0;
        } else if (in_properties) {
            char* key = strtok(line, " ");
            char* value = strtok(NULL, "");
            handler->font_properties[handler->num_font_properties].key = strdup(key);
            handler->font_properties[handler->num_font_properties].value = strdup(value ? value : "");
            handler->num_font_properties++;
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "CHARS") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d", &handler->num_glyphs);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "STARTCHAR") == 0) {
            current_glyph = &handler->glyphs[handler->glyph_count];
            current_glyph->name = strdup(rest);
            current_glyph->bitmap_rows = 0;
            current_glyph->bitmap = NULL;
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "ENCODING") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d", &current_glyph->encoding);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "SWIDTH") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d %d", &current_glyph->swidth.x, &current_glyph->swidth.y);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "DWIDTH") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d %d", &current_glyph->dwidth.x, &current_glyph->dwidth.y);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "BBX") == 0) {
            sscanf(rest, "%d %d %d %d", &current_glyph->bbx.width, &current_glyph->bbx.height,
                   &current_glyph->bbx.x_offset, &current_glyph->bbx.y_offset);
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "BITMAP") == 0) {
            in_bitmap = 1;
            bitmap_rows = 0;
            bitmap_data = (char**)malloc(MAX_BITMAP_ROWS * sizeof(char*));
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "ENDCHAR") == 0) {
            current_glyph->bitmap = bitmap_data;
            current_glyph->bitmap_rows = bitmap_rows;
            handler->glyph_count++;
            bitmap_data = NULL;
            in_bitmap = 0;
        } else if (in_bitmap) {
            bitmap_data[bitmap_rows] = strdup(keyword);
            bitmap_rows++;
        } else if (strcmp(keyword, "ENDFONT") == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    fclose(file);
}

void print_properties(BDFHandler* handler) {
    printf("BDF File Properties:\n");
    printf("  Version: %s\n", handler->version ? handler->version : "N/A");
    printf("  Font Name: %s\n", handler->font_name ? handler->font_name : "N/A");
    printf("  Size: { point_size: %d, x_resolution: %d, y_resolution: %d }\n",
           handler->size.point_size, handler->size.x_resolution, handler->size.y_resolution);
    printf("  Font Bounding Box: { width: %d, height: %d, x_offset: %d, y_offset: %d }\n",
           handler->font_bounding_box.width, handler->font_bounding_box.height,
           handler->font_bounding_box.x_offset, handler->font_bounding_box.y_offset);
    printf("  Font Properties:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->num_font_properties; i++) {
        printf("    %s: %s\n", handler->font_properties[i].key, handler->font_properties[i].value);
    }
    printf("  Number of Glyphs: %d\n", handler->num_glyphs);
    printf("\nGlyphs:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->glyph_count; i++) {
        Glyph* glyph = &handler->glyphs[i];
        printf("  Glyph Name: %s\n", glyph->name ? glyph->name : "N/A");
        printf("    Encoding: %d\n", glyph->encoding);
        printf("    SWIDTH: { x: %d, y: %d }\n", glyph->swidth.x, glyph->swidth.y);
        printf("    DWIDTH: { x: %d, y: %d }\n", glyph->dwidth.x, glyph->dwidth.y);
        printf("    BBX: { width: %d, height: %d, x_offset: %d, y_offset: %d }\n",
               glyph->bbx.width, glyph->bbx.height, glyph->bbx.x_offset, glyph->bbx.y_offset);
        printf("    Bitmap:\n");
        for (int j = 0; j < glyph->bitmap_rows; j++) {
            printf("      %s\n", glyph->bitmap[j]);
        }
    }
}

void write_bdf(BDFHandler* handler, const char* output_filename) {
    FILE* file = fopen(output_filename, "w");
    if (!file) {
        printf("Error opening file %s\n", output_filename);
        return;
    }

    fprintf(file, "STARTFONT %s\n", handler->version ? handler->version : "2.1");
    fprintf(file, "FONT %s\n", handler->font_name ? handler->font_name : "Unknown");
    fprintf(file, "SIZE %d %d %d\n", handler->size.point_size ? handler->size.point_size : 16,
            handler->size.x_resolution ? handler->size.x_resolution : 75,
            handler->size.y_resolution ? handler->size.y_resolution : 75);
    fprintf(file, "FONTBOUNDINGBOX %d %d %d %d\n",
            handler->font_bounding_box.width ? handler->font_bounding_box.width : 16,
            handler->font_bounding_box.height ? handler->font_bounding_box.height : 16,
            handler->font_bounding_box.x_offset, handler->font_bounding_box.y_offset ? handler->font_bounding_box.y_offset : -2);
    fprintf(file, "STARTPROPERTIES %d\n", handler->num_font_properties);
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->num_font_properties; i++) {
        fprintf(file, "%s %s\n", handler->font_properties[i].key, handler->font_properties[i].value);
    }
    fprintf(file, "ENDPROPERTIES\n");
    fprintf(file, "CHARS %d\n", handler->num_glyphs ? handler->num_glyphs : handler->glyph_count);
    for (int i = 0; i < handler->glyph_count; i++) {
        Glyph* glyph = &handler->glyphs[i];
        fprintf(file, "STARTCHAR %s\n", glyph->name ? glyph->name : "Unknown");
        fprintf(file, "ENCODING %d\n", glyph->encoding);
        fprintf(file, "SWIDTH %d %d\n", glyph->swidth.x, glyph->swidth.y);
        fprintf(file, "DWIDTH %d %d\n", glyph->dwidth.x, glyph->dwidth.y);
        fprintf(file, "BBX %d %d %d %d\n", glyph->bbx.width, glyph->bbx.height, glyph->bbx.x_offset, glyph->bbx.y_offset);
        fprintf(file, "BITMAP\n");
        for (int j = 0; j < glyph->bitmap_rows; j++) {
            fprintf(file, "%s\n", glyph->bitmap[j]);
        }
        fprintf(file, "ENDCHAR\n");
    }
    fprintf(file, "ENDFONT\n");
    fclose(file);
}

int main() {
    BDFHandler* bdf = create_bdf_handler("input.bdf");
    read_bdf(bdf);
    print_properties(bdf);
    write_bdf(bdf, "output.bdf");
    free_bdf_handler(bdf);
    return 0;
}

This C implementation uses structs and manual memory management to handle BDF file parsing, printing, and writing. It includes basic error handling and memory cleanup.

Notes

• Assumption: The task refers to the Adobe Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) due to its prominence in programming contexts for font handling. If you meant the BioSemi BDF (EEG data) or another format, please specify, as those are binary and have different structures (e.g., 24-bit data samples for BioSemi).
• File Access: The JavaScript implementation assumes Node.js for file system access. Browser-based JavaScript would require a file input element and FileReader API, which can be provided if needed.
• Limitations: The C implementation uses fixed-size arrays for simplicity (MAX_GLYPHS, MAX_BITMAP_ROWS, MAX_PROPERTIES). For production use, dynamic allocation with linked lists or dynamic arrays would be more robust.
• Testing: The code assumes a valid BDF file adhering to the Adobe specification. Error handling is basic; additional validation (e.g., checking for malformed lines) can be added if required.
• Sources: The properties and structure are based on the Adobe BDF Specification (Version 2.2) and related documentation.